With the development of natural language processing techniques(NLP), automatic diagnosis of eye diseases using ophthalmology electronic medical records (OEMR) has become possible. It aims to evaluate the condition of both eyes of a patient respectively, and we formulate it as a particular multi-label classification task in this paper. Although there are a few related studies in other diseases, automatic diagnosis of eye diseases exhibits unique characteristics. First, descriptions of both eyes are mixed up in OEMR documents, with both free text and templated asymptomatic descriptions, resulting in sparsity and clutter of information. Second, OEMR documents contain multiple parts of descriptions and have long document lengths. Third, it is critical to provide explainability to the disease diagnosis model. To overcome those challenges, we present an effective automatic eye disease diagnosis framework, NEEDED. In this framework, a preprocessing module is integrated to improve the density and quality of information. Then, we design a hierarchical transformer structure for learning the contextualized representations of each sentence in the OEMR document. For the diagnosis part, we propose an attention-based predictor that enables traceable diagnosis by obtaining disease-specific information. Experiments on the real dataset and comparison with several baseline models show the advantage and explainability of our framework.

Dense retrievers have made significant strides in obtaining state-of-the-art results on text retrieval and open-domain question answering (ODQA). Yet most of these achievements were made possible with the help of large annotated datasets, unsupervised learning for dense retrieval models remains an open problem. In this work, we explore two categories of methods for creating pseudo query-document pairs, named query extraction (QExt) and transferred query generation (TQGen), to augment the retriever training in an annotation-free and scalable manner. Specifically, QExt extracts pseudo queries by document structures or selecting salient random spans, and TQGen utilizes generation models trained for other NLP tasks (e.g., summarization) to produce pseudo queries. Extensive experiments show that dense retrievers trained with individual augmentation methods can perform comparably well with multiple strong baselines, and combining them leads to further improvements, achieving state-of-the-art performance of unsupervised dense retrieval on both BEIR and ODQA datasets.

The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.

Parsing natural language questions into executable logical forms is a useful and interpretable way to perform question answering on structured data such as knowledge bases (KB) or databases (DB). However, existing approaches on semantic parsing cannot adapt to both modalities, as they suffer from the exponential growth of the logical form candidates and can hardly generalize to unseen data. In this work, we propose Uni-Parser, a unified semantic parser for question answering (QA) on both KB and DB. We introduce the primitive (relation and entity in KB, and table name, column name and cell value in DB) as an essential element in our framework. The number of primitives grows linearly with the number of retrieved relations in KB and DB, preventing us from dealing with exponential logic form candidates. We leverage the generator to predict final logical forms by altering and composing topranked primitives with different operations (e.g. select, where, count). With sufficiently pruned search space by a contrastive primitive ranker, the generator is empowered to capture the composition of primitives enhancing its generalization ability. We achieve competitive results on multiple KB and DB QA benchmarks more efficiently, especially in the compositional and zero-shot settings.

Besides the complex nature of colonoscopy frames with intrinsic frame formation artefacts such as light reflections and the diversity of polyp types/shapes, the publicly available polyp segmentation training datasets are limited, small and imbalanced. In this case, the automated polyp segmentation using a deep neural network remains an open challenge due to the overfitting of training on small datasets. We proposed a simple yet effective polyp segmentation pipeline that couples the segmentation (FCN) and classification (CNN) tasks. We find the effectiveness of interactive weight transfer between dense and coarse vision tasks that mitigates the overfitting in learning. And It motivates us to design a new training scheme within our segmentation pipeline. Our method is evaluated on CVC-EndoSceneStill and Kvasir-SEG datasets. It achieves 4.34% and 5.70% Polyp-IoU improvements compared to the state-of-the-art methods on the EndoSceneStill and Kvasir-SEG datasets, respectively.

Transformer-based language models have become the standard approach to solving natural language processing tasks. However, industry adoption usually requires the maximum throughput to comply with certain latency constraints that prevents Transformer models from being used in production. To address this gap, model compression techniques such as quantization and pruning may be used to improve inference efficiency. However, these compression techniques require specialized software to apply and deploy at scale. In this work, we propose a new pipeline for creating and running Fast Transformer models on CPUs, utilizing hardware-aware pruning, knowledge distillation, quantization, and our own Transformer inference runtime engine with optimized kernels for sparse and quantized operators. We demonstrate the efficiency of our pipeline by creating a Fast DistilBERT model showing minimal accuracy loss on the question-answering SQuADv1.1 benchmark, and throughput results under typical production constraints and environments. Our results outperform existing state-of-the-art Neural Magic's DeepSparse runtime performance by up to 50% and up to 4.1x performance speedup over ONNX Runtime. Source code is publicly available at https://github.com/intel/intel-extension-for-transformers.

阿尔茨海默氏病（AD）的早期诊断对于促进预防性护理和延迟进展至关重要。基于语音的自动广告筛选系统为其他临床筛查技术提供了一种非侵入性，更可扩展的替代方案。此类专业数据的稀缺性会导致模型选择和特征学习的不确定性。为此，本文调查了功能和模型组合方法的使用，以改善Bert和Roberta预先训练的文本编码有限数据的域微调的鲁棒性，然后在将结果的嵌入功能馈入后端分类器集合之前通过多数投票制定最终的广告检测决定。在ADRESS20挑战数据集上进行的实验表明，使用模型和功能组合在系统开发中获得了一致的性能改进。使用手册和ASR语音转录本在ADRESS20测试集上分别获得了91.67％和93.75％的最先进的AD检测精度，该准确的准确性是由48位老年人组成的。

阿尔茨海默氏病（AD）的早期诊断对于促进预防性护理以延迟进一步发展至关重要。本文介绍了建立在痴呆症Pitt copus上的基于最新的构象识别系统以自动检测的开发。通过纳入一组有目的设计的建模功能，包括基于域搜索的自动配置特异性构象异构体超参数除外，还包括基于速度扰动和基于规格的数据增强训练的基线构象体系统可显着改善。使用学习隐藏单位贡献（LHUC）的细粒度老年人的适应性；以及与混合TDNN系统的基于两次通行的跨系统逆转。在48位老年人的评估数据上获得了总体单词错误率（相对34.8％）的总体单词错误率（相对34.8％）。使用最终系统的识别输出来提取文本特征，获得了最佳的基于语音识别的AD检测精度为91.7％。

关节2D心脏分割和3D体积重建是建立统计心脏解剖模型的基础，并了解运动模式的功能机制。但是，由于CINE MR和高主体间方差的平面分辨率低，精确分割心脏图像并重建3D体积是具有挑战性的。在这项研究中，我们提出了一个基于潜在空间的端到端框架DeepRecon，该框架会产生多个临床上基本的结果，包括准确的图像分割，合成高分辨率3D图像和3D重建体积。我们的方法确定了Cine图像的最佳潜在表示，其中包含心脏结构的准确语义信息。特别是，我们的模型共同生成具有准确的语义信息的合成图像，并使用最佳潜在表示对心脏结构进行分割。我们进一步探索了3D形状重建和4D运动模式通过不同的潜在空间操纵策略进行适应的下游应用。同时生成的高分辨率图像具有评估心脏形状和运动的高可解释价值。实验性结果证明了我们的有效性在多个方面的方法，包括2D分割，3D重建，下游4D运动模式适应性。

光流估计是自动驾驶和机器人系统系统中的一项基本任务，它可以在时间上解释流量场景。自动驾驶汽车显然受益于360 {\ deg}全景传感器提供的超宽视野（FOV）。但是，由于全景相机的独特成像过程，专为针孔图像设计的模型不会令人满意地概括为360 {\ deg}全景图像。在本文中，我们提出了一个新颖的网络框架 - panoflow，以学习全景图像的光流。为了克服全景转化中等应角投影引起的扭曲，我们设计了一种流动失真增强（FDA）方法，其中包含径向流量失真（FDA-R）或等骨流量失真（FDA-E）。我们进一步研究了全景视频的环状光流的定义和特性，并通过利用球形图像的环状来推断360 {\ deg}光流并将大型位移转换为相对小的位移，从而提出了环状流量估计（CFE）方法移位。 Panoflow适用于任何现有的流量估计方法，并从狭窄的FOL流量估计的进度中受益。此外，我们创建并释放基于CARLA的合成全景数据集Flow360，以促进训练和定量分析。 Panoflow在公共Omniflownet和已建立的Flow360基准中实现了最先进的表现。我们提出的方法将Flow360上的端点误差（EPE）降低了27.3％。在Omniflownet上，Panoflow获得了3.17像素的EPE，从最佳发布的结果中降低了55.5％的误差。我们还通过收集工具和公共现实世界中的全球数据集对我们的方法进行定性验证我们的方法，这表明对现实世界导航应用程序的强大潜力和稳健性。代码和数据集可在https://github.com/masterhow/panoflow上公开获取。